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Bureau of Aeronautics - The Jet Stream

It is true in many fields Of science that the requisite data for the revision Of an 
antiquated hypothesis or the development of a new tneory are available long before 
the actual formulation Of a neoteric concept. Such has bæn the case Of the Jet Stream 
in the science Of Meteorology. 
As early as 1933, a cross.section depicting a relatively narrow, high.speed stream 
of air in the upper weterlies was published in the text, Physikalische Hydrodynamik. 
The implications of thie cross-section were disregarded by the authors themælves, 
possibly in view of the inadequacy of the observational material upon which it was 
bag-d. Eleven years later, in 1944, Dr. Hurd C. Willett published mean crow-sections 
to the North American continent which also substantiated the existence Of a 
meandering, high.velocity stream of air particles in the uwr tropospheric regions. 
It wasn't until the year however, that this lat—t meteorological phenomeuon 
bæame the Of rather intensive reæarch at a Navy•gpnsored researgh project at 
the University of Chicago and that its numerous potentialities were gradually l*ing 
to that time, considerable research on the has conducted 
by various individuals and institutions at different geographical locations, with the 
that a great deal of uncoordinated and sometimes controversial material has 
been presented. material has in divers profesional journals, bulletins 
and periodicals, not readily available to the Naval Aerologist in the field or afloat. 
Becauæ of the tremendous import and the numerous potentialities of this newly• 
discnvered *enomenon, it was demed imperative that an evaluation and summary 
0? ex•szing research and data on the Jet Stream be compiled under a single cover and 
distributed to the Naval Aerological Service as soon as possible. Accordingly, Task 6 
(TED-UM-MA-501.6), JET STREAM ANALYSIS, was assigned to Project AROWA 
by Bureau Of Aeronautics serial 2'W)3 dated 14 March, 1951, for 
proecution and/or coordination. 
This document is the coordinated effort in the fulfillment Of this purpoæ. Much Of 
the material •preænted herein is bawd on l&tures by Dr. Riem of the 
Department of Meteorology, University of Chicago, who also edited the manuscript. 
Intimately associated with the entire project, also, were Mesrs. M. A. Alaka, C. L 
Jordan, and R. J. Renard of the Department of Meteorology, University Of Qiicago. 
This publication encompasses the synoptic structure Of the Jet Stream, as well as 
its climatology and relation to middle latitude cyclones and extended forecasting. In 
addition, one chapter is devoted to the techniques and procedures Of high-level wind 
analysis. The dynamic principles relating to Jet Siream formation and maintenance 
are also incorporated. 
Much of the information presented herein has been derived from a great variety 
Of material, with the result that several different units of Wind are ex• 
presed throughout. It is regretted that time did not permit the conversion Of the 
various units to one system.